Namibia’s policy debate often assumes “transformation” is a matter of effort. The binding constraint is scale: sparse demography, high fixed costs, and regional integration that hasn’t delivered a true market.
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Namibia has earned credibility through fiscal discipline, a hard exchange-rate anchor, and regulatory caution. Yet the same posture now risks suppressing strategic experimentation—precisely as climate stress, energy dependence, and commodity substitution intensify. The next decade will reward states that can govern uncertainty, not merely avoid it.
Congo‑Brazzaville’s defining feature is not volatility but stasis: political continuity has stabilised the state while limiting institutional depth and economic transformation. With oil dominance, persistent execution gaps, and debt management fragilities, stability risks becoming an end in itself. This note outlines why the country lacks a development trajectory—and what DFIs and sovereign partners should prioritise.
Cape Verde, a small island nation located off the coast of West Africa, has long been recognized for its political stability, strategic geographic position, and burgeoning tourism industry. Despite limited natural resources and a small population, Cape Verde has developed a reputation for economic resilience, sound governance, and sustainable growth. As the country looks toward its economic future, it faces both challenges and opportunities in sectors such as tourism, renewable energy, and digital transformation. This article explores the economic prospects of Cape Verde, identifying key growth drivers, risks, and the policies that could shape its future.
