South Sudan’s peace agreements created political containers but not a working state. The binding constraint has been administrative: payroll, cash control, revenue transparency, and basic service delivery. Mediation stopped escalation; it did not install governability.
Congo‑Brazzaville’s defining feature is not volatility but stasis: political continuity has stabilised the state while limiting institutional depth and economic transformation. With oil dominance, persistent execution gaps, and debt management fragilities, stability risks becoming an end in itself. This note outlines why the country lacks a development trajectory—and what DFIs and sovereign partners should prioritise.
Many strategies in emerging markets do not fail loudly. They drift, stall, and underperform — not because governance is absent, but because it is misaligned. This article examines how institutional friction quietly erodes investment outcomes across infrastructure, banking, energy, and digital systems — and why investors consistently underestimate the cost of governance latency.
Blue finance instruments are technically straightforward, but without strong governance, effective institutions and accountability frameworks they remain limited in impact. Explore why improving governance is the real key to scaling sustainable ocean finance.
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