Namibia’s new oil, gas and green hydrogen frontier is real—but discovery is not development. Without early fiscal rules, contract discipline, and institutions that can spend well, Namibia risks exporting value while importing volatility.
Namibia has something rare in Africa: durable institutions and macro credibility. Yet growth remains modest, unemployment extreme, and diversification slow. This essay explains why stability has not produced momentum—through the mechanics of a small, open, resource‑skewed economy, policy conservatism, and the risk of strategic inertia.
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