South Sudan was not institutionless in 2011; it was governed through inherited systems that outsiders misread. Independence changed formal status, not the underlying distribution of revenue and coercive power—leaving state-building efforts exposed to predictable blind spots.
The capture of Venezuela’s president marks more than a regime change—it signals a deeper rupture in the international system. This paper examines how unilateral power projection is reshaping geopolitics, energy markets, global finance, and the credibility of international law.
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